![]() Supreme Court are: "Equal justice under law" Upheld – the confirmation of something after it has been questioned within a court.The words inscribed above the entrance to the U.S.Separate Car Act – a law passed in 1890 in Louisiana stating that all railways companies can separate whites and blacks as long as the accommodations are equal.Jurisdiction – the power to make legal decisions and judgments in certain areas or states.For instance, freeing black people from slavery from considered emancipation. Emancipation – an act that frees peoples, or a group of people from social, legal, or political restrictions.This often pertains to race, age, and gender. Discriminatory – showing unfair distinction between different groups of people or thing.This can be done for both civil and criminal cases. Appeal – asking a higher court to review or reverse a decision that has been made by a lower court. ![]() This case was a huge boon to the nation’s effort to end racial segregation within the United States. A unanimous decision was handed down by the Supreme Court justices, stating that separate educational facilities for white and blacks is unequal and violates the Equal Protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1954, the ruling in Plessy v Ferguson was overturned with the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, which revolved around the issue of separation of schools for white and black students. The matter was then taken to the United States Supreme Court in 1896, where it was once again upheld. The Committee of Citizens gathered and filed an appeal with the Supreme Court of Louisiana, but the ruling was upheld. ![]() The judge presiding over the case ruled that the state had the right to regulate the railroad companies as long as they operated within the state. As the court case commenced, Plessy’s lawyers claimed that the state law requiring segregated trains denied his rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. When the railway asked Plessy to vacate the white section, he refused and was arrested. On June 7, 1892, Homer Plessy, a member of the group who was of one-eighth African descent, and thus classified as “black,” boarded the “white” section of the train. A group of black, Creole, and white citizens formed a “Committee of Citizens” dedicated to seeing the law repealed. In 1890, Louisiana passed a law called the “Separate Car Act,” which required railways to provide separate accommodations for white and black people riding the railroads, as long as the accommodations were equal. ![]() ![]() This landmark case upheld the constitutionality of state laws that required racial segregation within public areas. One of the most important cases pertaining to the Equal Protection Clause took place during the 1986 Supreme Court hearing of Plessy v Ferguson. The mandates of the Equal Protection Clause are limited to state governments, but the Supreme Court ruled, in the case of Bolling v Sharpe that Equal Protection under the 14th Amendment applies to the federal government as well, and falls under the Due Process clause of the Fifth Amendment. Over the course of a century and a half, a variety of cases pertaining to the Equal Protection Clause has helped dismantle racial segregation and discrimination within the United States. The clause also states that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process, and that no state can enforce laws that hinder the privileges of its citizens. However, states cannot deny a person a driver’s license because of their race, gender, or other minority considerations. For instance, states may require people to pass a vision as a condition of receiving a driver’s license. The Equal Protection Clause does not specify that all people have to be treated equally under all circumstances. ![]()
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